Products related to Engineering:
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History of Semiconductor Engineering
performing ?rms were curtailed following the stock market decline and the subsequent economic slowdown of 2001 and 2002.The Federal Government was once the main source of the nation’s R&D funds, funding as much as 66. 7 percent of all U. S. R&D in 1964. The Federal share ?rst fell below 50 percent in 1979, and after 1987 it fell steadily, dr- ping from 46. 3 percent in that year to 25. 1 percent in 2000 (the lowest it has ever been since 1953).Adjusting for in?ation, Federal support decreased 18 percent from 1987 to 2000, although in nominal terms, Federal support grew from $58. 5 billion to $66. 4 billion during that period. Growth in industrial funding generally outpaced growth in Federal support, leading to the decline in Federal support as a proportion of the total.Fig. 2. Doctorates awarded in Engineering, Physics, and Mathematics: 1995–2002 [Source: National Science Foundation NSF 04–303 (October 2003)] Figure 1 explains the most signi?cant change in the industry which occurred in the early sixties.The industry, with pressure from Wall Street, could not ?nance long-range and risky basic research.The objective of basic research is to gain more comprehensive knowledge or understanding of the subject under study without speci?c applications in mind.Basic research advances scienti?c knowledge but does not have speci?c immediate commercial objectives.Basic research can fail and often will not bring results in a short period of time.
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Cell Culture Engineering : Recombinant Protein Production
Offers a comprehensive overview of cell culture engineering, providing insight into cell engineering, systems biology approaches and processing technology In Cell Culture Engineering: Recombinant Protein Production, editors Gyun Min Lee and Helene Faustrup Kildegaard assemble top class authors to present expert coverage of topics such as: cell line development for therapeutic protein production; development of a transient gene expression upstream platform; and CHO synthetic biology.They provide readers with everything they need to know about enhancing product and bioprocess attributes using genome-scale models of CHO metabolism; omics data and mammalian systems biotechnology; perfusion culture; and much more. This all-new, up-to-date reference covers all of the important aspects of cell culture engineering, including cell engineering, system biology approaches, and processing technology.It describes the challenges in cell line development and cell engineering, e.g. via gene editing tools like CRISPR/Cas9 and with the aim to engineer glycosylation patterns.Furthermore, it gives an overview about synthetic biology approaches applied to cell culture engineering and elaborates the use of CHO cells as common cell line for protein production.In addition, the book discusses the most important aspects of production processes, including cell culture media, batch, fed-batch, and perfusion processes as well as process analytical technology, quality by design, and scale down models. -Covers key elements of cell culture engineering applied to the production of recombinant proteins for therapeutic use -Focuses on mammalian and animal cells to help highlight synthetic and systems biology approaches to cell culture engineering, exemplified by the widely used CHO cell line -Part of the renowned "Advanced Biotechnology" book series Cell Culture Engineering: Recombinant Protein Production will appeal to biotechnologists, bioengineers, life scientists, chemical engineers, and PhD students in the life sciences.
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Digital Engineering, Environment and Heritage, Volume 2
The main construction of HS2, Britain’s high-speed rail network, began in September 2020 when Main Works Civils Contractors moved from enabling works, scheme design and preparatory work to full construction of the railway.The low-carbon network will link London and the West Midlands and extend services to the North and Scotland, serving more than 25 stations.High-speed trains will reach speeds of 225mph and transform journey times. This volume of High Speed Two: Infrastructure Design and Construction from the HS2 Project, contains a collection of papers submitted to HS2 Ltd’s Technical Papers Competition.Contributions have come from consultants, contractors, suppliers and third-party stakeholders involved in developing the planned infrastructure of the HS2 project.As part of HS2’s Learning Legacy commitment, the organisation seeks to share its learnings and best practices with the rest of the industry throughout the project lifecycle. This volume offers high-quality papers on the best practice in planning, design, construction and management for large-scale railway infrastructure projects.For more papers from HS2 Ltd’s Technical Papers Competition, please see High Speed Two (HS2): Infrastructure Design and Construction (Volume 1), the companion to this volume.
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The Steam Locomotive : An Engineering History
Books on railway history invariably start with the Stephenson's or with Richard Trevithick's locomotive of 1804., but the story begins much earlier with the development of steam engines for pumping out deep mines.Ken Gibbs, a retired engineer who served his apprenticeship in the Swindon Works of British Railways, takes a more practical approach to railway history, using its engineering developments to tell the story of the railways.From the first ideas to the development of better metals, manufacturing, technology in wheel casting, improved boilers and valve gears, his book is a refreshingly different approach to the plethora of picture books showing branch lines in days past.Ken's engineering background and love of railway technology gives us a book suited to the layman and engineer alike, explaining how each development made the railways better, faster or safer.It took over 150 years to develop the steam locomotive from a basic boiler on wheels weighing a couple of tons to the magnificent express passenger and freight locomotives weighing in excess of 100 tons and capable of speeds over 120mph. Read how the steam locomotive developed from those early days to the last days of steam.
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What is chemical engineering process engineering?
Chemical engineering process engineering is a branch of engineering that focuses on designing, optimizing, and operating processes that involve chemical or biological transformations to produce valuable products. It involves the application of principles from chemistry, physics, biology, and mathematics to develop efficient and sustainable processes in industries such as pharmaceuticals, food and beverage, energy, and environmental protection. Chemical engineers in process engineering work on various stages of a process, from conceptualization and design to implementation and troubleshooting, to ensure the safe and efficient production of desired products.
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What is process engineering chemical engineering?
Process engineering in chemical engineering involves designing, optimizing, and operating processes that involve the transformation of raw materials into valuable products. It focuses on the development and implementation of efficient and sustainable processes in industries such as pharmaceuticals, food and beverage, and petrochemicals. Process engineers use principles of chemistry, physics, and mathematics to improve the efficiency, safety, and cost-effectiveness of chemical processes. They play a crucial role in ensuring that chemical processes are environmentally friendly and meet regulatory standards.
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What is control engineering in electrical engineering?
Control engineering in electrical engineering is the application of control theory to design systems that regulate the behavior of dynamic systems. It involves the use of mathematical models and algorithms to manipulate the input to a system in order to achieve the desired output. Control engineers design and implement control systems for a wide range of applications, such as robotics, power systems, and industrial automation. This field is crucial for ensuring the stability, efficiency, and safety of electrical systems.
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How can one forget culture and heritage?
One can forget culture and heritage by not actively engaging with it, by being disconnected from one's roots and community, and by prioritizing other aspects of life over preserving and celebrating one's cultural identity. This can happen through assimilation into a different culture, lack of exposure to one's own cultural traditions and practices, and a lack of interest in learning about one's heritage. Additionally, societal pressures and discrimination can also contribute to the erasure of one's culture and heritage.
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Everyday STEM Engineering – Electrical Engineering : Engineering is everywhere!
Discover how electrical engineering is part of our daily lives with Everyday STEM Science — Electrical Engineering. Following on from Civil Engineering and Chemical Engineering comes another branch – electrical.Explore this fascinating side of engineering, from the electrical inventions throughout our homes including washing machines and toothbrushes to the high-tech robotics and AI that are assisting humans in every corner of the world.Plus, meet the engineers and scientists whose discoveries are changing our lives for the better, including Yvette Stevens, Tim Berners-Lee and Wendy Carlos.There are also fun engineering experiments that readers can carry out at home using everyday household items!Amaze your friends with a lemon battery and an electric ghost. With easy-to-understand text written by Jenny Jacoby, fun callouts and lots of colourful artworks, photos, and diagrams, readers can best explore where we encounter electrical engineering and why it’s even important at all. The Everyday STEM series makes STEM relevant to tweens.While we can’t promise to teach 9 to 11-year-olds quantum physics, we can explain in the simplest terms the practical applications of STEM.Titles in the series include Physics, Geology, Space, Maths In Action and Machines.
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Heritage Tourism
Heritage Tourism provides a balanced view of both theoretical issues and applied subjects that managers must deal with on a daily basis.These concepts are illustrated throughout the text via examples and boxed case studies. With the rapid growth of special interest travel during the past two decades, the demand for heritage tourism experiences has soared, and its economic and socio-cultural importance cannot be overstated.This book addresses this booming type of tourism and will prove to be a valuable resource for educators, students, and practitioners in the field of heritage tourism.
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The Venice Arsenal : Between History, Heritage, and Re-use
This book reviews four decades of debate about restoring an industrial heritage site of inestimable value – the Venice Arsenal.Focusing on the challenges of economic, financial and institutional feasibility, it reveals how failing to address these aspects has undermined potential solutions from both technicians and heritage professionals. With a deep connection to the city over centuries, the Arsenal was the very basis of La Serenissima’s sea power, enabling its economic expansion.Later, it maintained a vital military function through shipbuilding until World War II.But the slow process of abandonment of the traditional site’s uses and spaces continues to pose questions regarding its preservation and re-use.Drawing on original research from urban planners, architects and historians, the book provides a critical investigation into the organizational and managerial challenges of this unique site, and crucially, why so little has been achieved compared with potential opportunities. Featuring numerous color photographs and exploring the particular challenges of restoration and re-use facing the Venice Arsenal, this insightful evaluation of the history of this site provides a uniquely informative case for the discipline of industrial heritage.
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Everyday STEM Engineering – Civil Engineering
Discover how engineering is part of our daily lives with Everyday STEM Engineering – Civil Engineering. Engineering is all around us, from the roads on which we travel to the latest earthquake-proof buildings.It's even in space! Discover how civil and mechanical engineering helps us interact with society, see how engineering is helping to save the environment, and meet the inspirational engineers whose designs make our lives easier, including Roma Agrawal, Reyhan Jamalova, Sarah Guppy and David Aguilar.A "try this at home" section shows readers how to create a building made out of spaghetti, plus much more. With easy-to-understand text written by STEM expert Jenny Jacoby and lots of colourful artworks, photos and diagrams, readers can best explore where we encounter engineering and why it’s even important at all. The Everyday STEM series makes science relevant to tweens.Instead of telling kids STEM is important and is the key to their future success, these books show readers how we use science, technology, engineering and maths in our everyday lives.While the topics sound high-level and complex, this series makes these concepts age-appropriate and accessible.So, while we can’t promise to teach 9 to 11-year-olds quantum physics, we can explain in the simplest terms the practical applications of STEM.
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Should I study civil engineering or industrial engineering?
The choice between civil engineering and industrial engineering ultimately depends on your interests and career goals. Civil engineering focuses on the design and construction of infrastructure projects such as buildings, bridges, and roads, while industrial engineering focuses on optimizing processes and systems in various industries. Consider your strengths, interests, and the type of work environment you prefer when making your decision. Researching the job market and potential career opportunities in each field can also help you make an informed decision.
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Should I study mechanical engineering or automotive engineering?
The decision between studying mechanical engineering or automotive engineering depends on your interests and career goals. If you are passionate about designing and developing automotive systems, such as engines, transmissions, and vehicle dynamics, then automotive engineering may be the right choice for you. On the other hand, if you are interested in a broader range of engineering principles and want to keep your career options open to various industries, then mechanical engineering may be a better fit. Consider your interests, strengths, and long-term career aspirations to make an informed decision.
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What is better: Mechanical engineering or electrical engineering?
The answer to this question depends on individual interests and career goals. Mechanical engineering focuses on designing and building mechanical systems, such as engines and machines, while electrical engineering focuses on designing and developing electrical systems, such as power generation and electronics. Both fields offer unique opportunities for innovation and problem-solving. Ultimately, the decision between mechanical and electrical engineering should be based on personal interests and career aspirations.
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Can I study four courses - Mechanical Engineering, Civil Engineering, Electrical Engineering, and Sound Engineering? What is the financing like for this?
Studying four different engineering courses simultaneously may be challenging due to the workload and time commitment required for each program. Additionally, the financing for pursuing multiple degrees can be expensive, as each program typically has its own tuition and fees. It is important to consider the financial implications of studying multiple courses and explore scholarship opportunities or financial aid options to help cover the costs. It may be more feasible to focus on one or two engineering disciplines to ensure academic success and manage the financial burden effectively.
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